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Anxiety disorders from a biological and psychological perspective
Záplatová, Klára ; Šivicová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
Barchelor thesis focuses on anxiety disorders from a biological and psychological perspective. This thesis aims to provide anxiety disorders in their entireness. For this reason, thesis focuses on psychological and physical symptoms of anxiety. Topic contains unconscious symptoms manifesting inside of a man. Thesis is divided into two main parts. First one consists of literature review, the second one consists of experiment design. Experiment design deals with physiological symptoms of social phobia. It is focused on specific brain areas and cortisol level in anxiety feeling as well as to feeling of a man during the experiment. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Forced swimming test and mechanisms of depression
Janďourková, Pavla ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Vodička, Martin (referee)
Depression is a severe psychical disorder belonging to affective disorders. Nowadays, it belongs to the most common psychical disorders and prevalence is between 5 % to 16 %. An animal research is essential to study mechanisms of depression. One of the models of the depression uses a forced swimming test in the animal research. Even though this test does not claim to model depression in all complexity, it has very predictive validity and mostly it is used to assess effects of antidepressant (on the basis of observation of changes in the behaviour of the experimental animals). The aim of this thesis is to review the neural mechanisms of depression and to compare them with mechanism which can be applied in the forced swimming test and affected by the antidepressants. Key words: forced swimming test, depression, neurotransmitters, antidepressants, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
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The biological basis of mental illness with regard to affective disorders
Volf, Petr ; Šivicová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
This thesis aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current biological hypotheses and manifestations of mental illness with an emphasis on affective disorders. Mood disorders are the third most common mental disorder and lifelong perspective affects almost one-fifth of the population. For this reason, their etiology is important issue for the prevention, treatment and subsequent rehabilitation. Bachelor thesis puts emphasis on the biological disposition, especially anatomical and physiological abnormalities typical for affective disorders and attempts to classify and structure the existing research findings. The output is a research project that could provide the answer, if it is indeed a significant difference in biological dispositions (and their types) in individuals with emotional disorders and a healthy population. Specifically, the text contains anatomical and neurophysiological description of the structures of the brain that are responsible for the emotional state of a person, the clinical picture of affective disorders and an overview of approaches to their genesis. The following is dedicated to individual biological hypotheses, which results in the research question, that deals with the design of empirical investigation.
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The effect of cold adaptation on the immune system
Vašek, Daniel ; Krulová, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Filipp, Dominik (referee)
Maintaining energy homeostasis at reduced temperatures is essential for the survival of the organisms. In this diploma thesis, we determined the impact of cold stress and cold adaptation on the rat immune system. A number of different factors participate at the process of thermoregulation, but the adrenergic signalling plays a crucial role. The binding of norepinephrine to β-adrenergic receptors leads to the formation of brown adipose tissue, which is necessary for non-shivering thermogenesis, as well as for energy balance. Bioactive products of adipocytes subsequently modulate the immune system, this process is significantly influenced by signalling of nerve cells. In order to understand neuro-immune interaction during the cold adaptation, we monitored changes in immune cell populations and the production of soluble products in rats treated with specific inhibitors of β-adrenergic receptors. Relationship between the immune and nervous system seems to be very important in many biological processes. Deciphering basic mechanisms of the influence of cold adaptation on immune cells can therefore explain other clinically relevant topics, such as treatment of obesity. Key words: immune system, cold adaptation, norepinephrine, adrenergic receptor, cytokines, brown adipose tissue, non-shivering thermogenesis
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Maternal separation and its impact on neurotransmitter systems of the brain
Přítulová, Eliška ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Černá, Barbora (referee)
Adverse early life stress conditions during the postnatal period can alter normal brain and neuroendocrine system development and increase the susceptibility of the individual to various disorders. Material separation is a model used to investigate the effects of early life stress on organism. The principle of this model is to provoke the stress of the infant by disrupting its contact with the mother, which is important for its proper development. The aim of this paper is to unify the existing knowledge about the impact of maternal separation on signaling pathways in the brain and to outline the directions of future research. Despite all the differences between the individual studies, there is a basic finding that maternal separation leads to deficits in the functions of important neurotransmitter systems, can induce long-term changes in different brain signaling pathways and can be accompanied by changes at the neuroendocrine and behavioral levels.
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Genetics of psychic diseases
Krčmářová, Eliška ; Šolc, Roman (advisor) ; Dudová, Iva (referee)
Psychological diseases are very heterogeneus group of diseases, including a complicated and complex multifactorial etiology with a possibility of an important role of a genetic component. Some diaseses got discovered their clear genetic origins, for instance Rett syndrom, where the origins are caused by a mutation in gen MECP2. The origins of a majority of other psychological diseases are more complex - it is chiefly a combination of specific polymorphism of many gens with an impact of an external environment. Among this group we can range diaseases such as anxiety disorder, eating disorder, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Autism presents the polymorphism of few different gens, however other mentioned diseases presents mainly polymorphism of genes, connected into neurontransmission. This thesis deals with a selection of potential genetic causes of psychological diseases, illustrated by the specific examples. Keywords: psychological diseases, Rett syndrom, autism, neurotransmitters, anxiety disorder, eating disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, mutation, polymorphism
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Anxiety disorders from a biological and psychological perspective
Záplatová, Klára ; Šivicová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
Barchelor thesis focuses on anxiety disorders from a biological and psychological perspective. This thesis aims to provide anxiety disorders in their entireness. For this reason, thesis focuses on psychological and physical symptoms of anxiety. Topic contains unconscious symptoms manifesting inside of a man. Thesis is divided into two main parts. First one consists of literature review, the second one consists of experiment design. Experiment design deals with physiological symptoms of social phobia. It is focused on specific brain areas and cortisol level in anxiety feeling as well as to feeling of a man during the experiment. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Computer modeling of ion protein interactions: Allo steric effects of phenolic ligands and ions on insulin hexamer struct ure
Palivec, Vladimír ; Jungwirth, Pavel (advisor) ; Fišer, Jiří (referee)
Title: Computer modeling of ion protein interactions: Allosteric effects of phenolic ligands and ions on insulin hexamer structure Author: Vladimír Palivec Department: Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Science UK Advisor: prof. RNDr. Pavel Jungwirth, DSc., IOCB AS CR, v.v.i. Advisor's email address: pavel.jungwirth@uochb.cas.cz Abstract: Insulin hexamer is an allosteric protein capable of undergoing conformational changes between three states: T6, T3R3, and R6. Transitions between them, as well as the formation of insulin hexamers, are mediated through binding of phenolic ligands or ions. This thesis presents a molecular dynamics study of allosteric behavior of insulin using empirical force fields. Two effects are closely inspected - cation (Zn2+ , Ca2+ , K+ , and Na+ ) binding to the insulin hexamers and a possible binding of two neurotransmitters - dopamine and serotonin to the phenolic pocket. The results show that high charge density cations (Zn2+ and Ca2+ ) are mostly localized in the B13 glutamate cavity, slow- down diffusion, while preventing other cations from entering. In contrast, low charge density cations (Na+ and K+ ) do not have this effect. Concerning neurotransmitters, dopamine does not bind to the phenolic pocket whereas serotonin binds in a similar way like...
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Forced swimming test and mechanisms of depression
Janďourková, Pavla ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Vodička, Martin (referee)
Depression is a severe psychical disorder belonging to affective disorders. Nowadays, it belongs to the most common psychical disorders and prevalence is between 5 % to 16 %. An animal research is essential to study mechanisms of depression. One of the models of the depression uses a forced swimming test in the animal research. Even though this test does not claim to model depression in all complexity, it has very predictive validity and mostly it is used to assess effects of antidepressant (on the basis of observation of changes in the behaviour of the experimental animals). The aim of this thesis is to review the neural mechanisms of depression and to compare them with mechanism which can be applied in the forced swimming test and affected by the antidepressants. Key words: forced swimming test, depression, neurotransmitters, antidepressants, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
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The biological basis of mental illness with regard to affective disorders
Volf, Petr ; Šivicová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
This thesis aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current biological hypotheses and manifestations of mental illness with an emphasis on affective disorders. Mood disorders are the third most common mental disorder and lifelong perspective affects almost one-fifth of the population. For this reason, their etiology is important issue for the prevention, treatment and subsequent rehabilitation. Bachelor thesis puts emphasis on the biological disposition, especially anatomical and physiological abnormalities typical for affective disorders and attempts to classify and structure the existing research findings. The output is a research project that could provide the answer, if it is indeed a significant difference in biological dispositions (and their types) in individuals with emotional disorders and a healthy population. Specifically, the text contains anatomical and neurophysiological description of the structures of the brain that are responsible for the emotional state of a person, the clinical picture of affective disorders and an overview of approaches to their genesis. The following is dedicated to individual biological hypotheses, which results in the research question, that deals with the design of empirical investigation.
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